;Defljt x]8 nfOg

!_ lrvtL b'Nxg, df}g k|zf;g

@_>Ldfg s] /fHo d]+ /fvL sL k'sf/

#_OG;fkm sL tnfz d]+ /fvL

$_ hfg tf] ar uoL n]lsg OHht=========

s~rgf emf

/fvL cfh lh+bf x} . O{Zj/ sL s[kf xL sxgf rflxP gxL+ tf] kl/jf/jfnf]+ g] p;] hfg ;] df/g] d]+ sf]O{  s;/ afFsL gxL+ 5f]8f yf . cflv/ sxfF hf /xL x} ;dfh cf}/ nf]uf]+ sL dfgl;stf, Ps u+eL/ k|Zg ag s/ v8f xf] uof x} .

PSsL;jL+ ;bL d]+ x}+ xd cf}/ cfk . lj1fg rfGb cf}/ d+un 5' /xL x}, ljrf/wf/fP+ abn /xL x}, cfd cfbdL eL ckg] clwsf/ s] k|lt ;r]t ag /xf x} . unL unL d]+ dlxnf clwsf/ cf}/ pTyfg sL aft]+ xf] /xL x} , /fi6L«o cf}/ cGt/fi6L«o :t/ k/ cfof]lht a8] a8] ;ef d]+ dlxnf ;'/Iff, ljsf; cf}/ cfTdlge{/tf k/ ax; rn /xL x} du/ Jojxf/ d]+ b]vL hfo tf] dfgj ;dfh  ktg sL cf]/ hftL x'O{ lbv /xL x} .

sd ;] sd ;Kt/L lhNnf /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsf –@ sL @^ jlif{iff /fvL emf sL sxfgL tf] oxL k|dfl0ft s/ xL /xL x} . x+;tf v]ntf kl/jf/ yf /fvL sf . tLg axg cf}/ Ps efO{ . ;b/d'sfd /fhlj/fh ;] sl/a * lsnf]ld6/ blIf0fd]+ cjl:yt j/xL lj/k'/ ufFj s] /xg] jfn] /fvLs] lktf 5f]6L– df]6L gf}s/L s/t] y] . cfdbgL sd xf]t] x'P eL kl/jf/ d]+ v'lzxfnL yL . o] cnu aft x} ls /fvL s] kl/jf/jfnf]+ g]+ p;] cR5L lzIff gxL+ lbof . :yfgLo Ps cf/f dl;g d]+ sfd s/g] jfn] /fvL s] lktf ;"/h gf/fo0f emf sL OtgL cfdbgL gxL+ sL ;eL aRrf+] sf] :s"nL lzIff b] ;s]+ .

aRr] sf] lzIff b]g] s] hux ;"/h gf/fo0f sf] a]6L sL zfbL Hofbf cfjZos nu /xL yL . ax't nf]uf]+ sf] sx /vf yf . ;+of]u ;] Ps n8sf ldn eL uof . dWo:ystf{ g] sxf b'O{ nfv ?kof bx]h nu]+u] . ;'/h gf/fo0f /fhL xf] uof cf}/  /fvL sL ljjfx to xf] uoL . /fhlj/fh l:yt Ps dlGb/ s] k'hf/L /fwf jNnj emf s] a]6] k|jL0f emf ;] . zfbL eL xf] uoL, x}l;ot s] cg';f/ ;"/h gf/fo0f g] a/fltof]+  s] :jfut d]+ vr{ eL lsof .

zfbL s] s'5 xL lbg lat] y] ls ca k|jL0f s] kl/jf/ jfnf]+ g] /fvL k/ tfgf s;gf z'? s/ lbof . dfos] ;] o] gxL+ nfoL jf] gxL nfoL .  wL/] –wL/] aft tfgf ts xL ;Lldt gxL+ /xL , /fvL k/ bafa lbof hfg] nuf . zfbL s] ;do d]+ hf] bx]h ldnf jf] kof{Kt gxL+, cf}/ rflxP . /fvL sf] ktf yf ls p;s] zfbL d]+ hf] shf{ lnof uof ca eL lkmtf{ gxL+ xf] kfof x} cf}/ k};] lktfhL sxfF ;] nfP]+u] .

k|jL0f ;fpbL c/a d]+ sfd s/ /xf x} . /fvL g] ox aft klt sf] atnfoL tf] jf] eL s'5 gxL+ af]nf . ha g]kfn cfof tf] p;g] eL kl/jf/jfnf]+ s] df+u d]+ xfF d] xfF ldnf lbof . lkm/ z'? x'cf /fvL k/ df/kL6 sf ;Lnl;nf .  d}lynL efiff d]+ ckgL aft /vt] x'P /fvL sxtL x} – ;;'/ cf}/ 3/jnf ldns/ lk6ns cyf{t - ;;'/ cf}/ >Ldfg g] ldns/ lk6fO{ sL . jx cfu] sxtL x} ls  bx]h cf}/ gxL+ nfcf]uL tf] hnf s/ df/ b]g] sL wdsL b]t]+]+ x} . /fvL sL ;f; aLdf/ x} n]lsg bx]h sL aft s/] tf] jx ;a;] cfu] /xtL x} . /fvL sf] sO{ af/ 3/ ;] lgsfn lbof uof x} .

s/La bf] jif{ /fvL g] zf/Ll/s cf}/ dfgl;s oftgf ;xL n]lsg lk5n] lbgf]+ s'5 P];L 36gf xf] uoL  lh;] /fvL ;xg g s/ ;sL cf}/ Gofo sL df+u s/t] x'P jx ;8s k/ cf uoL . ;fpbL c/a d+] /x /x] k|jL0f g] :yflgo s'5 u'08] sf] k};] b]s/ /fvL sf] hfg ;] df/ b]g] s] lnP sxf . u'08] /fvL s] 3/ uo], /fvL k/ cfqmd0f eL x'cf, jx efu uoL ufFj jfnf]+ sf] ktf rn uof tf] bf}8s/ /fvL s] ;xof]u lnP cfu] cfP]+ . u'08+] cf}/ ufFj jfnf+] s] aLr em8k eL x'O{ . Ps bf] nf]u 3fon eL x'P .

O; 36gf s] afb /fvL  3/ sL rf/ lbjf/L ;] afx/ cf uO{ cf}/ ufFj jfnf+] sL ;xfotf ;] /fhlj/fh d]+ kqsf/ ;Dd]ng dfkm{t ckgL b'Mv e/L sxfgL ;'gfoL .  cfFv ;] cfF;" lgsfnt] x'P /fvL g] Gofo sL eLv df+uf cf}/ ;eL ;~rf/sl{d{of]+ ;]] ;xof]u s] lnP ofrgf eL sL .

kqsf/ ;Dd]ng d]+ pkl:yt ufFjjfnf]+ g] :yfgLo k|zf;g sf] wdsL bL sL bf]ifL sf] @$ 306] s] cGb/ lu/Ktf/ gxL+ lsof uof tf] s8f cfGbf]ng d]+ pt/]+u . ;+qmd0f ;] u'h/ /xL O; d'Ns d]+ k|zf;g ;Lw] ;fw] cfbdL sf aft xL gxL+ ;'gtf n]lsg ha cfGbf]ng sL wdsL bL hftL x} tf] t'/Q ;lqmo xf] hftf x} . aft ax't cfu] kxF'r r'sL b]vs/ ;Kt/L lhNff sf lgldQ k|x/L k|d'v g]+ sxf sL df/kL6 d]+ hf] ;+nUg y] p;s] lj?4 d'2f bfo/ xf] r'sf x} cf}/ bf]ifL sf] s8L ;] s8L ;hf ldn]uL .

bf]ifL sf] ;hf ldntf x} of gxL+ ox tf] eljio xL atfo]uf lkmnxfn /fvL sf] ;nfd . a8L lxDdt s] ;fy p;g] g l;km{ ckgL hfg arfoL , alNs 3/ 3/ d]+ dlxnf k/ xf] /x] cTofrf/ sL sxfgL p;g] ;dfh s] ;fdg] /v bL x} .

ceL /fvL ;;'/fn d]+ xL /xtL x} . ufFjjfnf] g]+ p;] lvnfg] lknfg] sL lhDd]jf/L lnof x} . cfh O; 3/ ;] tf] sn p; 3/ ;] p;] vfgf ldn hftf x} . jx Gofo sL vf]h d]+ x} , jx tdfzf ag uoL x} n]lsg :yfgLo clwsf/jfbL ;a r'KkL ;fw] x'P x} . aft a8] ;~rf/ dfWod s] dfkm{t huhflx/ xf] r'sf x} n]lsg g tf] :yfgLo cf}/ gf xL tf] /fhwfgL d]+ a}7] x'P slyt clwsf/jfbL g]+ O; 36gf k/ sf]O{ cfjfh p7fof x} . k|zf;g cf}/ clwsf/jfbL sL r'KkL cf}/ ufFj jfn]+ s] bafa  s] sf/0f /fwf aNnj eL ceL r'k x} . :yfgLo ufFjjf;L s] cg';f/ /fwf aNnj sf sxgf x} ls /fvLsf] k|lj0f k;Gb gxL+ s/tf . ufFjjfnf]+ sL aft sf] dfgL hfo tf] /fwf aNnj sL lgot  7Ls gxL+ jx v'b xL ax' s] ;fy /xgf rfxtf x} . /fwf aNnj g] v'ns/ ufFjjf;L s] cfu] sx lbof x} ls d]/f a]6f gxL+ /v]uf tf] d} O;] /v'+uf . /fwf aNnj s] O; aofg g] tf] ;f/] l/Zt] gftf]+  k/ xL sflnv kf]t bL x}  cf}/ ;fy xL ;fy bx]h s] gfd k/ xf] /x] cTofrf/ sf] u+eL/tf ;] cWoog s/g] sf gofF r'gf}tL v8f s/ lbof x} . bx]h s] sf/0f dlxnf k/ xf] /xL oftgf Sof l;km{ bx]h s] sf/0f xL x} of sf/0f s'5 cf}/ x}  <

bx]hs] gfd k/ x'O{ lx+;f

cu:t $, @)!#

le:jf uflj; sL Ps n8sL g]] cfTdbfx lsof . n8sL g] ;f];fO8 gf]6 d]+  lnvf yf ls ckg] zfbL s] lnP d+} ckg] dftf lktf sf] 3/jf/ ljlxg xf]t] b]v gxL+ ;stL . ef/t d'hkm\km/k'/ d]+ :gftsf]Q/ cWoog s/ /xL p; n8sL sL zfbL Ps a}+s dg]h/ ;] to sL uO{ yL . du/ n8s] jfn]+ g] hf]  bx]h df+uf jf] n8sL s] kl/jf/ s] lnP b]gf ;+ej gxL+ yf . kl/jf/ s] ;eL nf]uf+] sf] lg/fz b]vs/ n8sL g] v'bv'zL s/ nL .

h'g *, @)!#

dxf]Q/L lhnf l;UofnL uflj; ^ sL !* jifL{of ozf]bf b]jL sf] p;s] klt ljho ofbj cf}/ b]j/ cho ofbj g] d+fu cg';f/ bx]h gxL+ nfof sx s] s/La Ps ;Ktfx ts s8L zf/Ll/s cf}/ dfgl;s oftgf lbof . ozf]bf sL bf]gf] k}/ afFw lbo] uo] y] cf}/ p;] nf7L cf}/ nf]x] s] /8 ;] lk6f uof yf . tsl/ag bf] ;fn kxn] ozf]bf sL zfbL ljho s] ;fy x'O{ yL . kl/jf/ jfnf]+ g] !) nfv cf}/ Ps df]6/ ;fOsn bx]h d]+ lbof yf .

dfr{ !!, @)!#

wg'iff lhNff s] cGtu{t  hgsk'/ gu/kflnsf ! sL ;Ldf s'df/L dxtf] sf] p;s] klt dgf]h s'df/ ;fx g] 3/ d]+ a+b  s/ lbof cf}/ a8L a]/xdL ;]  lk6fO{ sL . s/La ^ jif{ kxn] ;Ldf cf}/ dgf]h sL zfbL x'O{ yL . p; ;do !% nfv bx]h dgf]h sf] bL uoL yL . ;Ldf s] ;;'/fn jfn]+] cf}/ Hofbf bx]h nfg] s] lnP bafa b] /x]+ y]+  .

km/a/L ^, @)!#

;'g;/L b'xaL sL /fwfb]jL d]xtf k]8 ;] n6sL x'O{ kfoL uoL . d[To' s] ;do  jx ue{jtL yL . /fwf s] kl/jf/ jfnf]+ g] 36gf sf] cfTdxTof gxL+ xf]s/ xTof atf /xf x} . /fwf s] klt ;Gtf]if cf}/ p;s] lktf ;Lof /fd dxtf] nuftf/ /fwf sL kl/jf/ jfnf]+ ;] bx]h sL d+fu s/ /xf yf .

cu:t @@, @)!@

wg'iff lhnf a;}xof uflj; ( sL /Lgf  b]jL sf] klt dgf]h s'df/ zfx p;s] dfF cf}/ afk ldns/ hnf b]g] sL of]hgf agfO{ . ckg] dfOs] ;] bx]h gxL+ nfg] s] sf/0f /fwf sf] pgnf]uf]+ g] ld6\6L t]n l58ss/ cfu nuf bL .

ck|}n @$, @)!#

wg'iff lhnf cGw'k6\6L uflj; ^ sL ;Ltfb]jL /fo jiff]{ ;] ckg] dfOs] d+] /x /xL x+} . bf] aRrf+] sL dfF ;Ltf sL zfbL s/La !) jif{ kxn] x'O{ yL . dfOs] ;] bx]h nfg] s] lnP klt dxfaL/ /fo g] hfg ;] df/ b]g] sL wdsL bL tf] jx ;;'/fn 5f]8s/ dfOs] d+] /xg] nuL .

gf]e]Da/ !@, @)!#

;nf{xL lhnf crnu9 sL @# jlif{of ;ljtf b]jL sf] p;s] ;;'/fn jfnf]+ g] :yflgo dg';df/f gbL s] lsgf/] bkmg s/ lbof . ;ljtf sL zj hnL x'O{ cj:yf d]+ ldnL yL . k'ln; g]  ha 36gf sL hfFr sL tf] xTof sf sf/0f bx]h yf . ;ljtf s] kl/jf/ jfnf]+ g] bx]h d]+ %) xhf/ b]g] sf jfbf lsof yf  n]lsg sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf s] sf/0f j] nf]u df+u k"/f gxL+ s/ kf /x] y] . ;ljtfsL zfbL bf] jif{ kxn]  s]bf/ zfx ;] x'O{ yL .

h'nfO{ !(, @)!!

/f}tx6 rGb|lgufxk'/ sL ls/0f u'Ktf sf] df/ lbof uof cf}/ lkm/ p;s] afb p;sf] n6sf lbof uof . @@ jlif{of ls/0f sL s'5 lbg kxn] zfbL x'O{ yL . ;;'/fn jfnf]+ g] bx]h nfg] sf] sxf hf] ;+ej gxL yf  lkm/ klt u'8' cf}/ ;f; pdL{nf b]jL g] ldns/ p;sL  xTof s/ bL .

bx]h x} Sof <

ljjfx s] ;do ckg] x}l;ot cg';f/ dfF afk ckgL n8sL sf] hf] pkxf/ b]t]+ x} jxL bx]h x} . bx]h sf rng sa ;] z'? x'cf sxg] s] lnP sf]O{ k|dfl0fs cfwf/ gxL+ n]lsg zf:qf]+ sf] dfgf hfo tf] /fhf lxdfno g] ckgL k'qL s] ljjfx s] cj;/ k/ ax't ;f/L pkxf/ lbof y] . j};] xL q]tf o'u sL aft s/]+  tf] /fhf hgs ckgL k'qL ;Ltf sf] ljjfx s] ;do d]+ ax't ;f/f pkxf/ lbof y] lh;] /fd s] lktf cof]Wof s] /fhf bz/y g] eL :jLsf/ eL lsof yf . wL/] wL/] oxL pkxf/ bx]h sf ?k n]tf uof . cf}/ ceL bx]h s] ?k d]+ gub, u/uxgf, ljB'lto ;fdu|L, kmlg{r/, jt{g, uf8L, hdLg lbof hfg] nuf x} . k|flrg /f]d of a]lanf]g sL ;Eotf d]+ bx]h lnof hftf yf . o'/f]k, cd]l/sf, clk|msf cf}/ PlzofO{ clwsf+z /fi6« d]+ ls;L g ls;L ?k d]+ bx]h nL hftL x} . n]lsg ha aft s/]+u] g]kfn cf}/ ef/t sL tf] bx]h g]   bfgjL ?k wf/0f s/ lnof x} . ef/t d]+ ;g @)!) d]+ bx]h s] sf/0f * xhf/ # ;f} (! xTof x'O{ . g]kfn s] kl/k]If d]+ b]vf hfo tf] cflwsfl/s tYofFs ldn kfgf sl7g x} . n]lsg oxfF eL ;of}+ s] ;+Vof d]+ xTofP]+ xf] /xL x} . ef/t cf}/ g]kfn s] t/fO{ Onfsf d]+ 3/]n' lx+;f sf ;a;] a8f sf/0f xL bx]h x} . O; If]q d]+ bx]h n]gf cf}/ b]gf bf]gf] zfg sL aft ;demL hftL x} cf}/ O;L zfg s] rnt] xhf/f]+ n8sL sL hfg rnL uoL x} .

Sof sxtf x} sfg"g

g]kfn sL ljBdfg sfg"g g] bx]h sf] b08lgo ck/fw dfgf x} . ;fdflhs Jojxf/ ;'wf/ P]g @)## g] ljjfx d]+ bx]h n]gb]g sf] :ki6 ?k ;] dgf lsof x} . sfg"g sxtf x} ls ljjfx d]+ ltns gxL+ lnof hf ;stf x} . bx]h eL !) xhf/ ;] Hofbf gxL+ lbof hf ;stf x} . O;L t/x ljjfx d]+ @) u|fd ;f]gf ;] Hofbf n]gb]g gxL+ xf] ;stf x} . ljjfx sf] ;fdfGo agfg] s] lnP a/ftL sL ;+Vof eL sfg"g g] to s/ lbof x} . afhfjfn] ;lxt %! ;] Hofbf af/ftL gxL+ xf]gL rflxP . cf}/ sfg"g pNn+3g s/g]jfnf]+ sf] # xhf/ gub h'/dfgf of #) lbg sL h]n of bf]gf] xf] ;stL x} . cf}/ ck/fw s/g]jfnf olb ;/sf/L clwsf/L xf] tf] p;] ljefuLo sf/jfO{ sL Joj:yf eL sL uoL x} . P];] d'2f] sf] b]vg] sL lhDd]jf/L k|d'v lhNff clwsf/L sf] bL uoL x} . n]lsg b'ef{Uo sfg"g l;km{ sfuh d]+ /x uoL x} cf}/ bx]h sf ox s}+;/ a9tf xL hf /xf x} .