;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg cf}/ c;d+h; d]+ o'jf
s~rgf emf
cGtl/d r'gfjL dGqLkl/ifb cWoIf lvn/fh /]UdL g] s'5 lbg kxn] Ps ;fj{hlgs
sfo{qmd d]+ bfaf lsof ls gf]e]Da/ !( tfl/v d]+ to ;+ljwfg ;ef s] cfd lgjf{rg
d]+ c:;L ;] gAa] k|ltzt ts dtbfg xf]uL . /]UdLhL s] d'+x d]+ 3L zSs/ . cu/ ;xL
d]+ OtgL a8L tfbfb d]+ dtbfg xf]tL x} tf] b]z sf] cR5f ;+ljwfg ;ef ldn]uf .
cf}/ gofF ;+ljwfg ;ef b]z sf] gofF ;+ljwfg b] kfo]uf . ;'gg] d]+ xf:of:kb nu]uf
n]lsg aft ;To x} lk5n] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg d]+ s'5 d/] x'P JolStof]+ g] eL dtbfg
lsof yf . cf}/ s'5 b]z ;] afx/ /x] JolSt g] eL . cfzf s/]+ O; af/ sL ;+ljwfg;ef
r'gfj d]+ l;km{ hLljt JolSt dtbfg s/]+ cf}/ ;f]r ;dem s/ dtbfg s/]+ .
ljZn]ifsf]+ sf dfggf x} ls ul/aL, clzIff cf}/ cGwljZjf; ;] hs8f ;dfh
d]+ lgjf{rg :jR5 gxL+ xf]tf . pgsL jf]6 vl/bL hftL x}, 7us/ , k|nf]eg b]s/ , eo
lbvfs/ . O;af/ eL ;+ljwfg;ef r'gfj d]+ s'5 P];f xL xf]g] hf /xf x} . bzx/f vTd
xf] r'sL, bLkfjnL cf}/ 57 d]+ eL O;af/ g]tf ;a ckg]+ If]q xL ldn]+u] . ckg]
If]q sf ljsf; s};] xf] O; aft sL tlgs eL lrGtf pg nf]uf] gxL+ j] nf]u tf] d"l{t
s] gfd k/, d]n] s] gfd k/ o'jfcf]+ sf] k};f afF6g] d]+ nu] x}+ . cf}/ lbUe|ldt
o'jf k};] afF6g] jfn] g]tf sf] ckg] eljio s] ?k d]+ b]v /x] x}+ .
o'jf cyf{t nueu %! k|ltzt dtbftf . lgjf{rg cfof]usf tYofFs b]vf hfo tf]
lk5n] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg d]+ @% jif{ ;] sd sf dtbfg @@ lkm;bL yf . @% ;] #% sL
;+Vof #% cf}/ #% ;] $% jif{ sL ;+Vof @) k|ltzt yf . lgjf{rg cfof]u g] gofF
tYofFs ;fj{hlgs gxL lsof x} n]lsg O; sL ;+Vof d]+ sf]O vf; kl/jt{g gxL+ .
;+ljwfg ;ef sL kl/sNkgf s/t] jSt ox ;f]rf uof yf ls ;eL tx, ju{, If]q sL hgtf sf plrt cf}/ ;dfg'kflt
k|ltlglwTj Pj+ ;lqmo ;xeflutf d+] pg nf]+uf]+ sL OR5f s] cg';f/ gofF ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0f s] lnP g]kfn d]+ ;+ljwfg ;ef sL cfjZostf dx;"; lsof uof x} . o]
hf] ;+ljwfg agfo]uL , jx hgtf sL :jfldTj :yflkt s/]uf . ls;L eL /fi6« sf bfloTj
p;s] efjL gful/s cyf{t ljBfly{cf]+ ;] xL xf]tf x} . pGxL sL ;dem cf}/ pGglt k/ b]z
sL pGglt lge{/ s/tL x} . n]lsg Sof ox ;+ej x} <
g]kfn s] kl/k]Io d]+ b]vf hfo tf] kl/jt{g sf ;+jfxs sxnfg] jfn] o'jf
ju{ O; af/ eL cfd lgjf{rg d]+ ;xefuL xf]g] s] d'8 d]+ gxL+ . lrlsT;f ,
OlGhlgol/ª cf}/ :gfts tx d]+ cWoog/t 5fq 5fqfcf]+ s] aLr O; k+lQsf/ g] hf]
;j]{If0f lsof p;sf kl/0ffd rf}sf b]g] jfnf x} . @) 5fq5fqfcf]+ s] aLr sL uoL
;j]{If0f d]+ sl/a *) k|ltzt sf] o] ktf gxL+ sL lgjf{rg sa x} . jx to s/ r's] x+}
ls pGx] dtbfg d]+ efu gxL+ n]gf x} . clwsfFz ox ;f]rt]+ x}+ ls o] g]tf nf]u b]z
sL ;d:of sf ;dfwfg gxL+ s/ ;st] . gf xL ox lgjf{rg xL ;d:ofcf]+ sf ;dfwfg s/]uf
.
j};] tf] !* ;] @% jif{ sf dtbftf :jo+ ax't s'5 gxL+ hfgtf x}, tf] Sof
;Ifd x} Ps hg k|ltlgwL sf r'gfj s/g] d]+ < ha aft sL uoL O; goL kL9L ;] tf]
pGxf+]g] :ki6 ?k ;] sx lbof xd]+ /fhgLlt d]+ lbnr:kL gxL+ . clwsf+z sf dfggf x} ls /fhgLlt uGbf v]n x} tf] s'5 sf
sxgf x} ls;sf] jf]6 s/gf sf]O{ g]tf ;Ifd xL gxL+ . sL lt{k'/ sf @@ jlif{o
lukm\6 l/hfn sxt]+ x} – sf]O eL ;Ifd gxL+, Sof dtbfg s/gf xd tf] ls;L eL xfn
d]+ dtbfg gxL+ s/]+u}+ . l/hfn sf] tlgs eL cfzf gxL+ ls O; lgjf{rg ;] agg] jfnf
;+ljwfg ;ef ;+ljwfg agf kfo]uf .
o'jfcf]+ sf dfggf eL ljNs'n unt tf] gxL+ . lk5nf ;+ljwfg ;ef lh;sf
k|d'v p2]Zo bf] jif{ s] c+b/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/gf yf, jx laNs'n c;kmn /xL . u/La
b]z sL hgtf ;] ;+slnt /fh:j sf pgnf]+uf] g] b'?kof]u lsof cf}/ p2]Zo k"/f
lso] au}/ ;+ljwfg ;ef lj36g eL xf] uof . rf/ jif{ s] bf}/fg ;ef;b nf]+uf] g]
sf}g sf}g ;f tdfzf lsof o] ;eL s] cfu] x} . ;+ljwfg ;ef z'? xL x'cf yf ls b";/ xL] /f]h ;+ljwfg ;ef ejg s]
cGb/ xL Ps dlxnf ;ef;b g] b";/] ;ef;b sL rKkn ;] kL6fO{ sL . ;ef;b ;a
j]Zofno, d;fh kfn{/, bf? sL e6\6L d]+ ldng] nu] . sf]O ;ef;b xf]6]n d] vfs/ lan
r'sfP lagf efu uof, sO{ ;ef;bf]+ g] ljlzi7 JolSt sf] d'x}of s/fg] jfnf nfn
kf;kf]6{ sf}8L s] bfd a]r bL . s'5 ;ef;b ckx/0f s] cleof]u d]+ h]n d]+ aGb x}+ . Ps dlxnf ;ef;eb g] tf] bf? kLs/ aLr ;8s
k/ aafn s/ bL g]kfnu~h d]+ . xTof, ckx/0f, lkm/f}tL nuoft lhtg] eL u}/sfg"gL
wGw]+ x}} pgd]+ pgnf]+uf] sL ;xeflutf b]vL uO{ x} . ;+ljwfgef ejg s] cGb/ ah]6
k|:t't s/t] ;do cy{dGqL sf] lk6f uof, ah]6 sf ;'6s]z tf]8 lbof uof, Ps ;ef;b g]
b";/] ;ef;b k/ s';L{ cf}/ dfOs ;]
cfqmd0f lsof . O; aft ;] o'jf cgle1 gxL+ . lkm/ O; af/ s] r'gfj d]+ eL jxL nf]u
pDd]bjf/ ag] x'P x}, cfzf eL Sof s/gf . @@ jlif{o cflzif emf sxt]+ x} ef/t s]
h};] xL g]kfn d]+ eL /fO6 6' l/h]S6 sf clwsf/ dtbftf sf] ldngf rflxP . cu/ p;]
sf]O eL pDd]bjf/ cR5f gxL+ nu] tf] jx ox aft eL dtkq s] dfWod ;] /v ;s] .
nlntk'/ ;}+a' sL !( jlif{of ljBf vqL O; af/ sL cfd lgjf{rg d]+ efu n]uL
. jx bfaf s/tL x} ls O; af/ sf ;+ljwfg;ef eL b]z sL ;d:of sf ;dfwfg gxL+ s/
kfo]uf n]lsg jx dha"/ x} . jx sxtL x} cu/ d}+ dtbfg gxL+ s?+uL tf] d]/] dt
sf b'?kof]u xf]uf . dtbfg s] lnP ljBf vf;L t}of/L eL s/ /xL x} . p;g] ;eL bnf]+
s] 3f]if0ff kq k9g] sL of]hgf agfO{ x} .
lh; bn sf of]hgf p;] cR5f nu]uf p;] xL jf]6 s/]uL .
nlntk'/ uf]bfj/L sL @) jlif{of ;Aa' >]i7 sf] eL yf]8L ;L eL cfzf gxL+ x} Og g]tfcf]+ ;] n]lsg dtbfg s/]uL .
;Aa' s] lktfhL lh; kf6L{ sf] jf]6 s/g] s] lnP sx]+u] p; kf6L{ sf] jf]6 s/]uL . n]lsg
nlntk'/ xl/l;4L s] dlgif dxh{g dtbfg gxL+ s/]u]+ . p;] ox ktf x} ls d+l;/ $ ut]
sf] lgjf{rg x} du/ p;;] cfu] s'5 ktf gxL+ . jx hfggf eL gxL+ rfxtf x} lgjf{rg
s] af/] af/] d]+ Sof]+ls dlgif sf dfggf x} ls /fhgLlt Ps uGbf v]n x} cf}/ O;d]+
s]jn uGb], wf]v]afh, 7u cf}/ e|i6frf/L nf]u cft] x} .
n]lsg g]tfcf]+ sL ;f]r d]+ laNs'n km/s x} . ;befjgf kf6L{ sf cWoIf clgn
s'df/ emf sf dfggf x} ls /fhgLlt ;dfh sf
clGtd ;To x} cf}/ O;;] b"/ /xgf 7Ls
gxL+ . /fhgLlt s/gf cf}/ /fhgLlt ;demgf laNs'n cnu aft x} atft] jx sxt]+ uGbf
sxs] O;;] b"/ /xgf 7Ls gxL+ . df:s nufs/ cfk lstg] lbg :j:y /x ;s]+u]+
k|Zg s/t] x'P g]tf emf sxt]+ x} uGbuL ;fkm s/gL x} tf] df:s nufs/ sfd gxL+
rn]uf . jx o'jf ;] clkn s/t]+ x} ls dtbfg s] åf/f ;xL nf]uf]+ sf rog s/]+ cf}/
o'jf ju{ sf] cf}/ ;lqmo ?k ;] O;d] nugf rflxP tfls cR5] nf]u lgtL lgdf{0f tx
d]+ cfo] cf}/ b]z sf ljsf; xf] .
t/fO{ dw]; nf]stfFlqs kf6L{sf pkfWoIf a[if]zrGb| nfn sxt]+ x} o'jfcf] +sf]
axsfof hf /xf x} . jx sxt]+ x+} ls ;/ k+] xfy /v s/ cf}/ lg/fz xf]g] ;] s'5
gxL+ xf]g] jfnf , of]Uo g]tfcf]+ sf rog xf]gf rflxP . o'jf cf}/ /fhgLlt s] aLr
hf] b"/L a9L x} p;s] lnP jx s'5 g]tf cf}/ ;~rf/ dfWod sf] bf]ifL dfgt]+ x}+
. nf]st+q d+] hgtf sf ;a;] a8f xlyof/ xL dtbfg sf clwsf/ x} cf}/ O;] ;eL sf]
k|of]u s/gf rflxP ox atft] x'P jx cfu] sxt]+ x} ls xd nf]u 3/ 3/ d]+ kx'Fr s/
nf]uf+] ;] ;xL JolSt sf r'gfj s/g] s] lnP cfu|x s/ /x]+ x} .
o'jf ju{ sf lg/fz xf]gf nfhdL x} . n]lsg nf]stGq sf uxgf sx]+ of hgtf
sf clwsf/ dtbfg xL x} . O;L s] dfkm{t
/fi6« s] lnP s'zn, Ifdtfjfg cf}/ b"/b[i6L /vg]jfnf g]tf rog sL hf
;stL x} . b";/L t/km dtbfg s] dfkm{t xL lgsDd] cf}/ 7u g]tfcf]+ sf] ;as
l;vfof hf ;stf x} . O;lnP o'jf ju{ eL /fhgLlt sf] uGbf v]n g ;dem s/ ckg] dtbfg
sf clwsf/ sf k|of]u s/]+ tf] n]stGq Pj+ /fi6« s] lnP cR5f /x]uf ..
Sof sxt]+ x} o'jf <
OlGb/f >]i7, @) jif{, ;fgf] e¥ofª, sf7df8f}
d'em] /fhgLlt d]+ sf]O lbnr:kL gxL+ . O;lnP d}+ dtbfg eL gxL+ s?uL+ .
j};] d'em] Og g]tfcf]+ ;] sf]O cfzf eL gxL+ .
cflzif emf, @@ jif{,aNv', sf7df8f}
d} dtbfg gxL+ s?+uf . cu/ s/gf eL k8] tf] kf6L{ s] lx;ffa ;] dtbfg
s/tf . d} ckg] If]q s] g]tfcf]+ sf] gfd
;] hfgtf x"F n]lsg pg nf]uf]+ ;] ax't cfzf gxL+ /vtf ls j]+ nf]u b]z sL
;d:of sf ;dfwfg s/ ;s]+u] .
u'Ghg l3ld/],!( jif{, Odf8f]n, nlntk'/
o] k|ToIf cf}/ ;dfg'kflts Sof xf]tf x} d'em] ktf gxL+ . ceL ts lh;
kf6L{ g] hf] sfo{ lsof x} pgsf] ljrf/ s/s] O; af/ d} dtbfg s?=uL . ox dtbfg
d]/f clwsf/ x} . j};] o] nf]u ;d:of ;dfwfg s/ ;s]+u] d'em] gxL+ nutf .
cleif]s ld>, @! jif{,s'df/L Sna sf7df8'
d'em] ktf gxL+ lgjf{rg sa x} j};] eL d} k9fO{ s] l;nl;nf d]+ afx/ /x"+uf
O;lnP dtbfg eL gxL+ s/ kfp+uf .
;}a zdf{,!* jif{ ,lqk'/]Zj/ sf7df8f}
kf6L{ s] 3f]if0ff kq cf}/ 3/ s] a'h'u{ ;a;] ;nfx s/ dtbfg s?+uL . n]lsg
o] k|ToIf cf}/ ;dfg'kflt sf rSs/ Sof x} ktf gxL+ .
lbg]z /fgf, !( jif{, l6sfynL, nlntk'/
jt{dfg ;d:of sf cGt s] lnP lgjf{rg cfjZos x} . of]Uo g]tf sf r'gfj s/gf
x} Ol;lnP d} dtbfg s?+uf .
cflzif 5ts'nL, @) jif{,3';f, wflbª
ljZjf; tf] gxL+ ls o] g]tf nf]u b]z sf] Ps gofF lbzf b] kfo]+u] . lkm/
eL cfzf tf] /vgf xL rflxP j};] d'em] ktf gxL+ sL r'gfj sa x} cf}/ d} dtbfg eL
gxL+ s?+uf .
Plnhf dxh{g,!* jif{ ,s'df/L kf6L{, nlntk'/
d'em] ktf gxL+ ls r'gfj sa x} n]lsg dtbfg h?/ s?+uL jx eL kf6L{ s]
3f]if0ff kq s] cfwf/ k/ . O;;] b]z sf ljsfz xf]uf .
g]:df dxh{g,@) jif{, Odf8f]n, nlntk'/
pDdLbjf/ s] Ifdtf s] cfwf/ k/ d+} dtbfg s?+uf . j};] d} bfaf s/tL x'F
ls O; af/ s] r'gfj ;] eL ;+ljwfg agg] jfnf gxL+ .
lukm\6 l/hfn,@@ jif{, lslt{k'/, sf7df8f}
sf]O eL cR5f g]tf gxL+ . Sof agfP+u] o] nf]u ;+ljwfg . rf]/ cf}/
e|i6frf/L ;asf] ;Qf d]+ kx'Frfg] s] lnP sf}g dtbfg s/] . d} tf] dtbfg gxL+
s?+uf .
dlgiff dxh{g,@) jif{, xl/l;4L , nlntk'/
;xL pDdLbjf/ sf rog s/g] s] lnP dtbfg h?/L xf]tf x} . n]lsg ;d:of ox x}
ls ;xL pDdLbjf/ xL sf]O gxL+ nu /xf x} Ol;lnP d+} dtbfg gxL+ s?+uL .
;Aa' >]i7,@) jif{, 7}j, nlntk'/
;a nf]u dtbfg s/]+u]+ Ol;lnP d}+ eL s?+uL . lktfhL ;] ;nfx s/ jf]6 s?uL+ . j};] d'em] gxL+ nutf ls b]z sL
;d:of sf ;dfwfg O;;] xf]g] jfnf x} .
O{8f l/hfn,!( jif{, kf6g ,nlntk'/
/fhgLlt d]+ sf]O lbr:kL gxL . d} tf] dtbfg gxL+ s?+uL .
lgsL >]i7,@@ jif{, z+vd'n, sf7df+8"
lgjf{rg ;] ;d:of ;dfwfg xf]g] jfnf gxL+ . cR5] pDdLbjf/ eL gxL+ x+} d+}
tf] gxL+ s?+uL dtbfg .
ljBf vqL,!( jif{, e};]kf6L, nlntk'/
dtbfg d]/f clwsf/ x} cf}/ d}+ O;sf k|of]u s?uL+ . j};] yf]8L ;L eL cfzf
gxL x} Og g]tfcf]+ ;] ls ;d:of ;dfwfg xf]uL . lkm/ eL kf6L {sf 3f]if0f kq k9s/ pgsL
of]hgfcf]+ s] cfwf/ k/ dtbfg s?+uL .
h'g' >]i7,@) jif{, Odf8f]n, nlntk'/
cfd lgjf{rg s] af/] d]+ ax't ktf gxL+ n]lsg ;xL cfbdL sf] lhtfg] s] lnP
dtbfg s?+uL .
;'idf /fO{,@) jif{, ;ftbf]af6f], nlntk'/
d}+ dtbfg gxL+ s?+uL . d'em] /fhgLt s] af/] d] s'5 ktf gxL+ . j};] cfzf
s/]+ ls o] nf]u cR5] xf]+ .
pT;j yfkf,!( jif{, l6sfynL, sf7df+8"
kf6L{ cf}/ g]tf ;asf lk5nf sfo{ sf] b]v s/ d+} dtbfg s?+uf . cfzf s/]+
ls O; af/ hf] ;+ljwfg;ef ag]uL jx ;d:of sf ;dfwfg s/]uf .
cfe'if0f ljqmd dx/f,@! jif{, l;nu9L, 8f]6L
cfd lgjf{rg d]+ ckg] If]q gxL+ hf kfp+uf Ol;lnP dtbfg gxL+ s/ kfp+uf .
d} ;sf/fTds ;f]r /vtf x'F cf}/ cfzf eL s/tf x'F ls O;af/ sf ;+ljwfg;ef ;d:of
;dfwfg s/]uL .
/fh 9+ufgf,@) jif{, wflbª
ls;L eL lsdt k/ ;+ljwfg gxL+ agg] jfnf . o] cfd lgjf{rg eL 9fs s] tLg
kft h};] xL . n]lsg Sof s/]+ dtbfg d]+ tf] efu n]gf xL x} . dtbfg d]/L afWotf
x} . k'/fg] sf] gxl+ gofF ;f]r jfn] sf] dtbfg s?+uf .
lbks ;+ud,@% jif{,sf7df+8"
d'em] /fhgLlt d]+ sf]O lbnr:kL gxL+ . em'7d'7 sf ;kgf lbvft] x} g]tf
nf]u cf}/ s'5 sfd gxL+ s/t] . d} tf] ls;L lsdt k/ dtbfg gxL+ s?+uf .
! Sof cfksf] ktf x} ;+ljwfg;efsf lgjf{rg sa x} <ktf x}-^%_, ktf
gxL+-#%_
@ Sof cfk dtbfg s/]+u] < xfF-%)_,
gxL+ -%)_
# Sof cfksf] ckg] dtbfg s]Gb| s] af/] d]+ ktf x} < xfF-@%_, gxL+-&%_
$ Sof cfk ckg] If]q s] pDd]bjf/
sf] kxrfgt]+ x} < xfF-$)_,
gxL++-^)_
% cfk dtbfg Sof]+ s/]+u] < ;xL g]tf rog s] lnP-^)_, ktf gxL+ -$)_
^ Sof gofF ;+ljwfg;ef ;+ljwfg
agfo]uL < cfzf s/]+ -#%_, gxL+-%)_, ktf gxL+-!%_
& k|ToIf cf}/ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL sf dtna ktf x} <
xfF-#)_, gxL+ -&)_
/fhwfgL s] ljleGg sfn]h s] #) 5fq5fqfcf]+ s] aLr lsof uof ;j]{If0f sf
glthf k|ltzt d]+ .